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Uzbekistan mountains

The mountains of Uzbekistan enter in structure of Tyan-Shan and Alay mountain systems. On territory turn the western spurs of Tyan-Shan and Gissar-Alay mountain system. To south and west they gradually lower and turn to plains.

Internal (tectonic) power of Earth formed folds grown the powerful ranges of mountains.

The mountains and foothills with brook relief, located in east and south-east part of Uzbekistan, where they unite with powerful mountain deep brook massive on territory of Kirgizya and Tadjikistan. Mainly this Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Kuramin ranges and their western and south-western spurs, concerning to Western Tyan-Shan system and Turkestan, Zerafshan and Gissar ranges with their continuous on south-western – Babatag and Kugintangtau ranges, concerning to Gissar-Alay system.

Entering on territory of Uzbekistan its spurs formed radiating bundle of mountain chains, constantly less in north-western and south-western directions. The character example is Karjantau, Maygashkan and Surenata ranges in western Tyan-Shan system and Nuratau, Aktau and Kuratau ranges and Karatepa and Ziadin-Zirabulak mountains, being the last of Pamir-Alay.

Entering in Western Tyan-Shan system the mountain ranges (Karjantau, Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Kuramin) began from Talass Alatau (on border with Kirgizstan), further as fan radiate from here and continuos to north-east to south-west.

The more high point of Talass Alatau is mountain Manas (4482m). The high point of Chatkal range on territory of Uzbekistan – Greater Chimgan peak (3309 m). Between Chatkal and Kuramin ranges located Akhangaran valley.

The apexes of Western Tyan-Shan covered with snow and glaciers.

The Chatkal and Kuramin ranges border on north with Fergana valley. From east she borders with Fergana range, from south with Alay and Turkestan ranges. To north-west from Turkestan range raises the Malguzar range, to south-west Chumkartau range. Only the north slopes of Chumkartau entering on territory of Uzbekistan. The valley of Sanzar river separate the Malguzar mountains from Nuratau mountains. The weak point in this valley named Tamerlan gates.

The Nuratau mountains stretch on 180 km. Their north slope is steep, the south slope is gently sloping. The high point of North part of Nuratau mountains is Khayatbashi apex (2165 m). The south part of Nuratau mountains consists from separate apexes (Aktau, Karatau, Karagatau, Gabduntau).

On the south and as parallel to Turkestan range located Zarafshan range. With self eastern part he entering on territory of Tadjikistan. On south from Zarafshan range located Gissar range and his south-western spurs (Yakkobag, Surkhantau, Kugikantau, Baysuntau, Chakgarand other). Here located the highest point of Uzbekistan – the Khazret Sultan (4643 m).

In western part of Gissar range are two glaciers – Batirbay and Severcev. On south of Uzbekistan along of border with Tadjikistan located Babatag range. The high point – Zarkasa (2292 m). The main features of orography of Uzbekistan connected with features of geological structure of above-mentioned the mountain systems.

This bond found expression in these, that between mountain ranges located spacious foothill and intermountain depressions, the large from which is Tashkent-Golodnosteppe, Fergana Zarafshan, Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya.


Mountaineering in Uzbekistan

http://climberca.com/index.php/69-mountaineering-in-uzbekistan

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Caravanserais of Bukhara

Since ancient times the centres of economic life of cities in the East were inns as well as caravanserais in the middle ages not only bazaars. In fact, bazaars were closely related to the small crafts and retail trade. And wholesale trade would almost entirely be concentrated in caravanserais. Through both of those sale of goods brought via caravan routes would be conducted. What they represented always intrigued the more inquisitive minds of humankind.

Every spring large caravans would depart from Bukhara on a long journey. They went once a year in three main routes, one to Orenburg, the second to Troitsk and the third to Krasnovodsk, and in each of these caravans up to 50 bays would participate accompanied by yatims.
Each caravan would carry a cannon and armed people to guard the caravan. In the head of each caravan was a caravan-bosh elected by the bays. There were three of them: Bukhara. Shafirkan and Kazakh.
In each caravan several hundreds of loaded camels would go. On an assigned date and time they gathered at Samarkand gates on the road as then headed towards Shafirkan where at the house of one of the bays there was a meeting point and beasts of burden waited.
From Karshi, Khisor, Shahrisabz and other locations of the khanate small caravans consisting of 10-15 camels would also make way to Bukhara. They would head for the city, to the municipal serais where they put the natural tax they brought with them – millet, barley, etc.

http://pagetour.org/wp/caravanserais-of-bukhara/

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Artistic Crafts of Uzbekistan

Ancient traditions of carpet weaving, embroidery, dying of fabrics, jewelry art and chase, plaiting from willow rods, carving and painting on the wood were developing and improving for centuries. In the result the unique art schools had appeared, where each of the craft centers was developing its originality. Rishtan ceramics, Urgut embroidery, Bukhara golden sewing, Margilan satin, Karakalpak and Khorezm jewelry, Chust scull-caps, Pap encrusted knives, Tashkent fettling are widely known.

http://pagetour.org/wp/artistic-crafts-of-uzbekistan/

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TASHKENT: PAST AND PRESENT

Tashkent is a city on border of agricultural oases of Central Asia and boundless Eurasian steppes. It exists already more than two thousand years. In an extreme antiquity when this city still was known as Chach, it was not very large and on history value considerably conceded to more southern neighbors – to Samarkand and Bukhara. But archeologists today confidently identify in territory of modern capital of Republic of Uzbekistan some significant archeological objects, that are ancestors of Tashkent. And the kept monuments of ancient architecture have venerable age. Thus, well-known underground chilla-khana at Zain ad-din bobo mausoleum is constructed in XII century. But a great amount of ancient monuments of Tashkent which can be seen today, concern to XVI century when Tashkent became capital of one of the big state appendages of Sheibanid and ruled by authoritative branch of this dynasty.

https://tashkent-info.narod.ru/en/index.htm

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Morning Palov
Ceremony of the morning palov is held during the wedding (“sunnat-tuyi” or marriage ceremony) and commemoration ceremonies ( 20 days and 1 year after the date of death). Organizers of the wedding appoint the date and time of the morning palov, having agreed preliminarily with the mahalla community or quarter’s committee. Invitations for this day are sent to relatives, neighbors and friends. In the evening, one day before the event the ‘sabzi tugrar” ceremony (slicing the carrot)is held which is usually visited by neighbors and close relatives. After the ceremony all participants are invited to the table. Usually, performers are also invited to the “sabzi tugrar” ceremony. At the table during the feasting elders distribute the duties among the present. Morning palov should be ready by the end of the morning prayer – “bomdod namozi”, because the participants of such prayer should be the first guests. By the end of the morning prayer the sounds of karnay, sunray and tambourine announce the start of the morning palov serving ceremony.
Guests take seats around the tables and after reading the fotiha (wishes) flat bread and tea are served. Just then the palov in lagans (large plates) are served – one for two. After the feast the lagans are removed, and guests again make a fotiha, and having thanked the host, they leave. Upon their departure the tables are fixed quickly for reception of new guests. Morning palov ceremony usually lasts for one and half – two hours. During this time the invited performers sing songs. At the end of morning palov the honorable guests are given gifts – usually these are chapans (traditional men’s robes). Commemoration palov differs from the celebration one by that the guests having taken the seats read the suras from the Qur’an and commemorate the passed away person. The feasting is finished also by reading suras from the Qur’an. Performers are not invited to the commemoration ceremony, and tables are fixed more moderately comparing with celebration. One should note the specific feature that the celebration and commemoration palov ceremonies are served only by men.

http://pagetour.org/wp/uzbek-customs-wedding-and-morning-palov/

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The camel breathes more slowly than the other mammals; its body temperature is higher and perspires later but when this happens the moistened hair turns into a sort of an isolator and does not let the organism to overheat. In the cool of the night it, on the contrary, preserves the warmth. In the winter period its hump, neck, shoulders and head covers in hair the length of which at times reaches the tip of its tail; it falls by summer. Its wool is turned into wonderful manufacture which in softness can be compared to silk. The camel does not lose much liquid. Its kidneys secrete highly concentrated urine which has a pleasant smell of eaten plants. In old times, maybe even now, people used it for washing the hair. Maybe because of this and the use of black and red henna the local beautiful women can be proud of their gorgeous, shining thick mane of hair.

http://pagetour.org/wp/travel-notes-camels-tears/